Vulnerability Reportbkimminich/juice-shop:latest

bkimminich/juice-shop:latest
digestsha256:42843723a7bf4246aa5d63c324978b17ef296ac78434aeddd34c427bfb5853f4

Executive Summary

Last scanned:

Threat Score
83/100DANGEROUS
Reputation
RELIABLE

This image poses a critical security risk and must not be used in production, especially as an internet-facing service. An attacker could bypass JWT authentication via CVE-2015-9235 or cause prototype pollution via CVE-2019-10744, leading to unauthorized access or application logic manipulation. The image has 77 exposed findings, including 3 at severity 7.0 or higher with a max of 7.84, while post-exploit findings are 23 total, none at severity 6.0 or higher, max 3.62. Note: CVE-2015-9235 only applies if the application verifies asymmetric JWT signatures and accepts symmetric tokens; CVE-2019-10744 requires lodash.defaultsDeep to process untrusted input. Trust signals such as popular community status and digest pinning do not offset these exploitable flaws.

Hardening plan for this image · 4 steps

Included in Pro

Scanning procedure

  1. Vulnerability scan
    Full CVE sweep across OS packages and app dependencies
  2. Exploitability check
    CVEs ranked by exploit probability (EPSS) and matched against CISA KEV
  3. Reachability analysis
    Symbol-level proof: is the vulnerable code even linked and callable in your binaries?
  4. Runtime verification
    Live-container probes: exposed endpoints, feature flags, real defaults
  5. Supply chain analysis
    Base-image lineage, package provenance and signatures — nothing slipped in unnoticed
  6. Hardening recommendations
    A hardened build plan — patch, remove unused packages, lock down the runtime — with parity tests proving nothing broke

Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability Log

101 total
CVE IDAdjusted SeverityPackageExploit ProbabilityRisk Context
CVE-2015-9235HIGH7.84
jsonwebtoken
0.1.0
fixed in 4.2.2
8.5%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2015-9235HIGH7.84
jsonwebtoken
0.4.0
fixed in 4.2.2
8.5%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2019-10744HIGH7.28
lodash
2.4.2
fixed in 4.17.12
5.0%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2026-95619MEDIUM6.54
libgomp1
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-95619MEDIUM6.54
libstdc++6
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2018-3721MEDIUM6.5
lodash
2.4.2
fixed in >=4.17.5
2.3%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2016-4055MEDIUM6.5
moment
2.0.0
fixed in >=2.11.2
9.9%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2021-23771MEDIUM6.5
notevil
1.3.3
No fix yet
1.0%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23540MEDIUM6.46
jsonwebtoken
0.1.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23540MEDIUM6.46
jsonwebtoken
0.4.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-102990MEDIUM6.38
basic-ftp
5.3.1
fixed in 6.2.1
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-45822MEDIUM6.38
decode-uri-component
0.2.2
fixed in 0.5.0
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-10732MEDIUM6.38
decompress
4.2.1
No fix yet
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-93748MEDIUM6.38
http-cache-semantics
3.8.1
No fix yet
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2025-65945MEDIUM6.38
jws
0.2.6
fixed in 3.2.3, 4.0.1
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-26996MEDIUM6.38
minimatch
3.0.5
fixed in 10.2.1, 9.0.6, 8.0.5, 7.4.7, 6.2.1, 5.1.7, 4.2.4, 3.1.3
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-41907MEDIUM6.38
uuid
8.3.2
fixed in 11.1.1, 12.0.1, 13.0.1
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2017-16016MEDIUM6.1
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 1.11.4
1.3%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-101894MEDIUM6.03
decompress
4.2.1
No fix yet
0.8%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2017-18214MEDIUM6
moment
2.0.0
fixed in 2.19.3
3.6%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2022-25887MEDIUM6
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.7.1
1.5%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2026-102010MEDIUM5.95
gcc-14-base
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-86805MEDIUM5.95
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
<0.1%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-95818MEDIUM5.95
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.1%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-102010MEDIUM5.95
libgcc-s1
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-102010MEDIUM5.95
libgomp1
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-102010MEDIUM5.95
libstdc++6
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-19499MEDIUM5.78
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2018-16487MEDIUM5.6
lodash
2.4.2
fixed in >=4.17.11
1.5%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-6238MEDIUM5.52
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-27904MEDIUM5.52
minimatch
3.0.5
fixed in 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, 3.1.4
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-53486MEDIUM5.5
decompress
4.2.1
No fix yet
0.7%
Theoretical Threat
Directly ExposedContext importance: MEDIUM
CVE-2020-15084MEDIUM5.46
express-jwt
0.1.3
fixed in 6.0.0
1.2%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-113661MEDIUM5.4
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.18.0
—
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23541MEDIUM5.35
jsonwebtoken
0.1.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.8%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23541MEDIUM5.35
jsonwebtoken
0.4.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.8%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2019-1010024MEDIUM5.3
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
3.2%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2019-1010025MEDIUM5.3
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
2.5%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-33987MEDIUM5.3
got
8.3.2
fixed in 12.1.0, 11.8.5
2.4%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2021-26539MEDIUM5.3
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.3.1
2.0%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2021-26540MEDIUM5.3
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.3.2
1.8%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2024-21501MEDIUM5.3
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.12.1
1.0%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-39243MEDIUM5.18
decompress
4.2.1
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2016-1000237MEDIUM5.18
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in >=1.4.3
0.8%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2019-25225MEDIUM5.18
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.0.0-beta
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-24785MEDIUM5.17
moment
2.0.0
fixed in 2.29.2
13.9%
High Exploitation Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-5435MEDIUM5.02
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-6791MEDIUM5.02
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-77117MEDIUM5.02
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-80489MEDIUM5.02
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-27903MEDIUM5.02
minimatch
3.0.5
fixed in 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, 3.1.3
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2021-23337MEDIUM4.97
lodash
2.4.2
fixed in 4.17.21
21.3%
High Exploitation Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-113654MEDIUM4.7
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.18.0
—
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-6368MEDIUM4.67
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.1%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-27171MEDIUM4.67
zlib1g
1:1.3.dfsg+really1.3.1-1+b1
No fix yet
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-8674MEDIUM4.5
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-31808MEDIUM4.5
file-type
16.5.4
fixed in 21.3.1
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-2950MEDIUM4.5
lodash
2.4.2
fixed in 4.18.0
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-18374MEDIUM4.17
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.1%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23539MEDIUM4.13
jsonwebtoken
0.1.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2022-23539MEDIUM4.13
jsonwebtoken
0.4.0
fixed in 9.0.0
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-106444MEDIUM4
handlebars
4.7.9
fixed in 4.7.10
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2010-4756MEDIUM4
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
2.6%
Low-Moderate Risk
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-26960LOW3.62
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.8
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-19542LOW3.57
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-89092LOW3.57
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2019-1010022LOW3.53
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
3.2%
Low-Moderate Risk
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-3449LOW3.4
@tootallnate/once
1.1.2
fixed in 3.0.1, 2.0.1
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-29786LOW3.21
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.10
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2019-1010023LOW3.17
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
3.1%
Low-Moderate Risk
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-97399LOW3.15
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Directly Exposed
CVE-2026-23745LOW3.11
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.3
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-31802LOW2.8
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.11
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-53655LOW2.8
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.16
0.2%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2023-46233LOW2.78
crypto-js
3.3.0
fixed in 4.2.0
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-71851LOW2.75
crypto-js
3.3.0
fixed in 4.0.0
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2018-20796LOW2.7
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
5.8%
Low-Moderate Risk
Post-Exploit
CVE-2019-9192LOW2.7
libc6
2.41-12+deb13u4
No fix yet
2.4%
Low-Moderate Risk
Post-Exploit
CVE-2022-25881LOW2.7
http-cache-semantics
3.8.1
fixed in 4.1.1
1.6%
Low-Moderate Risk
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-59875LOW2.7
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.17
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-24842LOW2.51
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.7
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-106445LOW2.48
handlebars
4.7.9
fixed in 4.7.10
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-106446LOW2.48
handlebars
4.7.9
fixed in 4.7.10
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-95619LOW2.36
gcc-14-base
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-95619LOW2.36
libgcc-s1
14.2.0-19
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-59873LOW2.29
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.19
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-59874LOW2.29
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.18
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-73566LOW2.29
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.21
0.5%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-59871LOW2.29
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.18
0.6%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
CVE-2026-23950LOW1.81
tar
6.2.1
fixed in 7.5.4
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Post-Exploit
DSA-6572-1NONE0
ca-certificates
20250419
fixed in 20250419+deb13u1
—
Not Applicable
CVE-2026-85091NONE0
zlib1g
1:1.3.dfsg+really1.3.1-1+b1
No fix yet
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Not Applicable
NSWG-ECO-428NONE0
base64url
0.0.6
fixed in >=3.0.0
—
Not Applicable
GHSA-rvg8-pwq2-xj7qNONE0
base64url
0.0.6
fixed in 3.0.0
—
Not Applicable
NSWG-ECO-17NONE0
jsonwebtoken
0.1.0
fixed in >=4.2.2
—
Not Applicable
NSWG-ECO-17NONE0
jsonwebtoken
0.4.0
fixed in >=4.2.2
—
Not Applicable
CVE-2016-1000223NONE0
jws
0.2.6
fixed in >=3.0.0
—
Not Applicable
GHSA-5mrr-rgp6-x4grNONE0
marsdb
0.6.11
No fix yet
—
Not Applicable
CVE-2025-57349NONE0
messageformat
2.3.0
fixed in 3.0.0-beta.0
0.4%
Theoretical Threat
Not Applicable
CVE-2026-63670NONE0
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in 2.17.6
0.3%
Theoretical Threat
Not Applicable
NSWG-ECO-154NONE0
sanitize-html
1.4.2
fixed in >=1.11.4
—
Not Applicable

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